Childhood roots of financial literacy

Financial literacy predicts informed financial decisions, but what explains financial literacy? We use the concept of financial socialization and aim to represent three major agents of financial socialization: family, school and work. Thus we compile twelve relevant childhood characteristics in a new survey study and examine their relation to financial literacy, while controlling for established socio-demographic characteristics. We find in a mediation analysis that both family and school positively affect the financial literacy of adults. Moreover, financial literacy and school related variables also have a direct effect on financial behavior. This suggests that family factors and schooling work through complementary channels.     

“…and they are really lying”: Clean evidence on the pervasiveness of cheating in professional contexts from a field experiment

We investigate the pervasiveness of lying in professional contexts such as insurance fraud, tax evasion and untrue job applications. We argue that lying in professional contexts share three characterizing features: (1) the gain from the dishonest behavior is uncertain, (2) the harm that lying may cause to the other party is only indirect and (3) lies are more indirect lies by action or written statements. Conducted as a field experiment with a heterogenous group of participants during a University “Open House Day”, our “gumball-machine-experiment” provides field evidence on how preferences for lying are shaped in situations typically found in professional contexts which we consider to be particularly prone to lying behavior compared to other contexts. As a key innovation, our experimental design allows measuring exact levels of cheating behavior under anonymous conditions. We find clean evidence that cheating is prevalent across all sub groups and that more than 32% of the population cheats for their own gain. However, an analysis of the cheating rates with respect to highest educational degree and professional status reveals that students cheat more than non-students. This finding warrants a careful interpretation of generalizing laboratory findings with student subjects about the prevalence of cheating in the population.     

欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化探析

公共性是政府的根本属性,它决定了政府必须将公共利益作为政府行为的首要原则,确保公共利益得到切实维护和实现。然而,由于各种主客观原因,目前欠发达地区政府行为表现出了利益化、法外化、低效化的不良特征,导致政府行为公共性弱化。本文讨论了欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化的现实原因,并提出了规避欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化的路径选择。     

民族地区乡村经济行为模式、动机体系及其变迁研究

民族地区乡村经济中的主导经济行为模式至少存在四种类型。民族地区人们的经济行为大致有三种基本的动机体系。改革开放以来,有五种主要因素在改变着这些经济动机体系和行为模式,一是乡(镇)政府、具有准政府性质的村集体组织以及其他各种组织的推动、示范和劝导作用,二是体制改革的推动或压力,三是文化移入的诱导或冲击,四是内部创新行为的出现,五是特定文化传承的激活。     

On tie breaking in competitive location under binary customer behavior

Ties in customer facility choice may occur when the customer selects the facility with maximum utility to be served. In the location literature ties in maximum utility are broken by assigning a fixed proportion of the customer demand to the facilities with maximum utility which are owned by the entering firm. This tie breaking rule does not take into account the number of tied facilities of both the entering firm and its competitors. In this paper we introduce a more realistic tie breaking rule which assigns a variable proportion of customer demand to the entering firm depending on the number of tied facilities. We present a general framework in which optimal locations for the old and the new tie breaking rules can be obtained through Integer Linear Programming formulations of the corresponding location models. The optimal locations are obtained for the old tie breaking rule for different values of the fixed proportion and a comparison with the results obtained for the new tie breaking rule is drawn with data of Spanish municipalities in a variety of scenarios. Finally, some conclusions are presented.     

遵从压力或理性驱动?新企业政治行为探析

将企业政治行为的研究引入创业情境,以新企业在与政府和公共服务部门打交道过程中依靠打点行为赢取支持的意愿为例,基于资源依赖理论系统分析了新企业政治行为的前因与结果.基于中国创业动态跟踪调查数据展开的实证研究发现,新企业的打点意愿与其创建初期的绩效表现正相关.对打点意愿前置因素的多层次分析发现,在宏观层面,当环境更为宽松,所在地区的市场化进程程度更高时,新企业从事打点行为的意愿会降低;在企业层面,当新企业拥有创新性的产品和服务并能够进入更广的市场参与竞争时,其从事打点行为的意愿会弱化;在个体层面,创业者自我效能和商业道德标准是显著影响打点意愿的内生要素.文章贡献于资源依赖理论的应用情境以及转型经济背景下有关企业政治行为的研究.     

研发团队社会资本对创新绩效作用路径——心理安全和学习行为整合视角

一方面,研发团队作为企业创新活动的基本单位,对提升企业创新能力起着关键作用;另一方面,如何有效管理研发团队以促进创新,在现实中又面临严峻挑战.基于团队心理安全和学习行为整合视角,以151个研发团队585个研发成员为样本,实证研究研发团队社会资本对创新绩效的作用路径.研究结果表明:研发团队3维社会资本(结构、认知和关系)对创新绩效均具有显著的积极影响,团队学习行为部分中介团队心理安全与创新绩效的关系;团队心理安全部分中介团队社会资本与学习行为的关系;团队心理安全和学习行为分别部分中介团队结构资本、认知资本与创新绩效的关系,完全中介团队关系资本与创新绩效的关系.     

基于工作投入与核心自我评价视角的辱虐管理与员工主动行为研究

基于自我决定理论和行为弹性理论,深入研究了辱虐管理为何以及怎样影响员工的主动行为.研究结果表明,主管的辱虐管理对员工的主动行为具有显著的负向影响,而工作投入在辱虐管理与主动行为的关系中起着完全中介作用,即辱虐管理会降低员工在工作中的投入,继而减少了主动行为.同时,核心自我评价会削弱辱虐管理的直接效应和工作投入的间接效应,即相对于低核心自我评价的员工,高核心自我评价的员工较少因为主管的辱虐管理而降低其工作投入,进而较少减少主动行为.     

高层领导者心理资本和社会资本对企业绩效的影响研究

通过对968位不同企业的高层领导者的问卷分析,检验了企业高层领导者心理资本和社会资本对企业绩效的影响,以及风险承担行为的中介作用.研究结果表明,企业高层领导者心理资本和社会资本对企业绩效与风险承担行为具有显著的正向影响;其风险承担行为对企业绩效具有显著的直接功效,且风险承担行为在高层领导者心理资本和社会资本对企业绩效的影响路径中起部分中介作用,即高层领导者心理资本和社会资本通过风险承担行为对企业绩效具有一定的间接功效.     

感知的创业环境对中层管理者内部创业行为的影响研究

在复杂快变的竞争环境中,中层管理者的内部创业行为对公司内部创业战略的成败至关重要.基于公司内部创业和社会认知理论,以280名在职中层管理者为样本,实证分析感知的创业环境对中层管理者内部创业行为的影响及其作用机理.研究表明,感知的创业环境对中层管理者内部创业行为有积极的影响,而创业自我效能感在感知的创业环境与中层管理者内部创业行为之间起中介作用.由此,尝试打开感知的创业环境对中层管理者内部创业行为影响机制这一“黑箱”,丰富公司内部创业行为研究,同时为企业激发中层管理者内部创业行为提供有益的启发.